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高考英语阅读理解高分秘籍 请收下

时间:2022-08-03 01:11:18

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英语阅读需要大家从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握,并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说,此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。

阅读6大解题技巧:基础差也可得满分

1. 略读文章抓大意

以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句,以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分,以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上,一般只需花5~10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。

2. 重点阅读上下句

因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺,解题时大多只看上句,或只看下句,就可基本确定答案。

事实上,如果没有时间来得及通读或细读,或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂,建议通过以下技巧,也基本上可以得满分。

3. 看看结构变轻松

在解题过程中,除了每做一道有把握的题后就在选项中将其画掉缩小范围外,通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小,心情变得更加轻松。

(1)标题结构

如果考查段落标题,先看看其他标题的语言形式,同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语,该题答案也是名词短语;如果其他标题是祈使句,该题的答案也是祈使句。如:

1. The basic function of money.

Being explaining the basic function of money …

2. Money lessons.

Approach money lessons with openness…

3. 74

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a product-a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.

A. Wise decisions.

B. The value of money.

解析:本题要求选小标题。观察其他标题,都是名词短语,因此,本标题也应是名词短语;七个选项中只有A、B两个选项是名词短语,这样就可大大缩小选择范围;浏览两个选项,再看空后文字,发现decisions与choices大意相同(近义词),故选A项。

(2)句子结构

如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分,就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子,如果是句子,看看是否有连词,如果没有连词,要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。如:

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

解析:从句式结构上看,逗号后是祈使句,没有连词,正确答案要么是带有连词的从句,要么是一个短语,只有A、 B、 C、 E四个选项符合,这样就缩小了选择范围;根据空前句中的preparation (准备),和常识可知是“训练前”,故选C项。

4. 词语复现显神功

作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时,与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现,这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现;以同义词的形式重复出现,叫同义复现;以近义词或近义表达(意思相近,表达方式不同)的形式重复出现,叫近义复现;以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现,叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher,parent的上义词,而teacher,parent就是adult的下义词)。

词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段,如:

39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

解析:要求选段落主题句。空后句三次出现victim一词, 七个选项中只有选项C中有victim,原词复现。将选项C“不要把自己当作受害者”代入空格处,与下文衔接紧密,故选C项。本段结构:总(总领)—分(细说)。

值得注意的是,有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用,但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项,只是正确的可能性更大,在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案,还得将含复现词的选项代入原文,看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接,只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如:

38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

解析:要求选段落主题句。不要因为选项B与空后句中都有confidence,原词复现就选B,也不要因为选项C中与空后句中都有yourself,原词复现就选C。选项A中的trust yourself与空格后的Having confidence in yourself(信任你自己)是同义复现,所以该选项是重点考虑对象;将选项A代入原文,上下句意为“学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有助于做出更好的选择……”语义衔接紧密,故选A。

5. 代词逻辑亦管用

代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一,故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如:

Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.

D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don’t forget about your friends.

解析:本段主题句是“Try to solve the problem”,空后句又有solve it,其中it指什么?当然是theproblem,因此,前句中一定会出现problem一词,七个选项中只有E项符合。

根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题,如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。如:

●Get a coach

51 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you. (新课标卷II)

C. Turn your back on too many rules

D. Check the rules about dos and don’ts

E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

解析:由空后的so(因此,引出结果)可知,空处要填的应是“要得到帮助”的原因;选项E中public speaking is tough (当众演讲是困难的)正是寻求帮助的原因,故选E项。(因果逻辑关系)

6. 篇章需要基本功

有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解,也很管用,但需要以下基本功:懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如:

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time. 36 Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

解析:空前主题句中提到ability, money, time三个主要原因,空后提到了money与time, 所以这里应是谈ability, 故选B项。

众所周知,有问就有答,问什么就答什么。根据这一常识,对解题也很有帮助。如:

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. (新课标卷I)

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

解析:由空后By doingsth. (通过做某事)这个表示方式的介词短语可知,此空应该是一个以how开头的疑问句,故选D项。

此外,有时利用词语同现也有助于选出正确选项。所谓词语同现,就是有相互关联的词语在上下文中有同时出现的可能性。如school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fall, pass, maths, learn等这些词就有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现。如:

Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

解析:与空后句中的ingredients(配料),pancakes(薄煎饼)可能同时出现的,只有选项A中的cook,故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。

英语阅读解题的十大技巧

技巧一:从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系

在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子,明白这几句话的确切意思,然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上,判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。

因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系,这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果,thus/therefore因此,so (such)...如此------以至于等。

技巧二:从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系

转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。

表示转折关系的连接词有:However然而, nevertheless仍然,然而,不过, nonetheless尽管如此,依然,然而, still还;然而, though可是,不过,然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾,不管, at any rate无论如何,至少, in any case无论如何,不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么,on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来,比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则;除此以外,not---but不是-----而是,as well也等。

技巧三:从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系

前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样,但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系,用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。

技巧四:从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系

递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系,则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。

表示递进关系的连词有:also也, 而且, further另外(的);, furthermore而且,此外, likewise同样地,照样地;也,又, similarly相似地,类似地, moreover而且再者,此外, in addition另外,加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也,还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。

技巧五:从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系

表示列举关系的有:first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点);其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place第一,首先, in the second place第二, 其次…; for one thing首先,一则, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先,第一, to conclude首先,第一等

技巧六:从词汇线索上判断---代词

英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念,巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

技巧七:从词汇线索上判断---同义词/近义词

英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用,这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言,上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。

技巧八:从词汇线索上判断---上下义词/同一范畴词

上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者,或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。

技巧九:从试题位置上判断---问题在段首

假如问题出现在段首,它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。

另外着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词。

通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段,尤其当选项是几句话时。

技巧十:从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾

所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。

分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。

如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案中应有这样的特征词。

段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词,如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

(练一练)

The meaning of silence carries among culture groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or, worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority, persons in Asian culture may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A. It implies anger.

B. It promotes friendship.

C. It is culture-specific

D. It is content-based

33. Which of the following people might consider silence as a call for careful thought?

A. The Chinese.

B. The French.

C. The Mexicans.

D. The Russians.

34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.

B. Break it while treating patients.

C. Evaluate its harm to patients.

D. Make use of its healing effects.

35. What may be the best title for the text?

A. Sound and Silence

B. What it means to be silent

C. Silence to Native Americans

D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

32.【解析】C

推测题。原文定位第一段, 可以得知A选项不全面,沉默不只代表一个意思;同理,可排除B选项;此段反复强调“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups…”,“ Persons in other cultural groups value…” 可得知,沉默在不同文化中的意义是不同的,而不是根据对话内容变化的,由此可以排出D,得出正确答案C。

33.【解析】A

细节题。题干的意思是“在哪国人的文化中,沉默代表要求对方仔细考虑?”定位第二段“ Therefore…person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.” 中文意思为,在中国和泰国文化中,silence代表说话人想在继续会话之前让倾听者考虑他说过的话。所以可以得出答案A。

34.【解析】D

细节题。对应文章最后一段。答案可以在段落主题句中可以分析出来—第一句和最后一句。尤其是最后一句“ A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients…”作者认为,了解沉默的治愈价值有助于更好地照顾病人。所以,是建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值的。而A,B选项出现在第2句so that后面的部分。用了否定词not,是作者所不建议的。C选项在文中并未提及。

35.【解析】B

主旨题。文章为总分的结构,可从第一段入手。定位文章第一句 “The meaning of silence caries among culture groups.” 即可得知全篇都在讲沉默代表的意义,不同的文化意义不同。文中并没提到声音与沉默的关系,所以不选A;文章讲了不同国家沉默代表的意义,不局限于Native Americans,排除C;而D 选项是一句谚语,“说话是银,沉默是金”,文章并没有对比两者的重要性。因此只能选B。

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